Plant with reduced protein productivity in seeds and method for producing same

ABSTRACT

According to the present invention, a gene having a novel function that can cause an increase or decrease in seed protein content is searched for. A chimeric protein obtained by fusing a transcription factor consisting of a protein comprising an amino acid sequence shown in any of the even-numbered SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 76 and a functional peptide capable of converting an arbitrary transcription factor into a transcriptional repressor or a transcription factor consisting of a protein comprising an amino acid sequence shown in any of the even-numbered SEQ ID NOS: 77 to 84 is expressed in a plant.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Divisional Application of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/376,169, filed Dec. 2, 2011, which is a National Stage of International Application No. PCT/JP2010/059495 filed Jun. 4, 2010, claiming priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-135195, filed Jun. 4, 2009, the contents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND ART

In order to change the amount of protein in seeds, the following have been conventionally used: (1) an improved cultivation method; (2) a method for processing harvested seeds, and particularly grains such as rice grains, with an acid or bacterium; (3) molecular breeding using markers; (4) mutant screening; (5) gene recombination; and other methods.

Problems relating to the above methods and the object achieved by the present invention are described below.

According to the method (1) above, it is possible to change the protein amount, although it is only possible to increase or decrease the amount to a slight extent. In addition, although the method (2) above is effective to a certain extent for reducing the protein amount, processing of harvested seeds is labor- and time-consuming. Further, advantageous results such as an increase in protein amount cannot be obtained according to the method (2) above. According to the method (3) above, the protein amount is determined to be a quantitative trait. In order to modify such trait by a conventional breeding method, it is necessary to identify a plurality of gene loci that contribute highly to trait expression by QTL analysis, to specify the causative gene at each gene locus, and to introduce each causative gene into a desired variety by crossing. Therefore, the method (3) above is also labor- and time-consuming. With the method (4) above, a low-glutelin rice line such as LGC-1 is bred. However, the amount of remaining glutelin accounts for 30% to 50% of that in the original variety. In addition, there are problematic points common to low-glutelin rice lines. In fact, the amount of glutelin, which is an easily digestible protein, decreases to significantly below the level found in the original variety. However, this in turn causes a significant increase in the amount of prolamin, which is an indigestible protein. Therefore, the method (4) above cannot be evaluated as a method for reducing total seed protein content. In the case of the method (5) above, it has been reported that the total expression level of the prolamin multigene group was remarkably reduced, resulting in reduction of the protein content in rice seeds (Patent Document 1:WO2004/056993). However, in this case, the decrease in the total protein content is 15% at maximum, although the amount of prolamin itself decreases to 50% or less of the original amount. In addition, regarding the method (5) above, it has been reported that transcription factors specified by AT1G04550, AT1G66390, AT5G13330, and At2g30420 were overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, which resulted in, respectively, 25%, 14%, 39%, and 17% increases in protein content. Also, it has been reported that overexpression of a transcription factor specified by At2g47460 resulted in a decrease in the seed storage protein content of 13% (Patent Document 2: WO 01/35727).

In spite of the development of the above molecular breeding methods for the improvement of a variety of traits, there are still no practically available techniques to increase or decrease seed protein content.

As reasons for the above, it is considered that truly excellent genes remain undiscovered, and that new recombinant varieties that have been confirmed to have desirable effects in the test phase cannot exhibit expected effects upon practical use in different environments. In addition, a number of genes are involved in the expression of quantitative traits such as seed protein content in different steps in the control system, the metabolizing system, and other systems. Thus, it has been difficult to discover or develop truly excellent genes capable of improving quantitative traits. In order to solve such problems, an object of the present invention is to find a novel gene exhibiting remarkably high effects. Another object of the present invention is to develop a gene capable of exerting effects in a practical environment to an extent comparable to the effects exerted in the test phase.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

Patent Document 1: WO2004/056993

Patent Document 2: WO 01/35727

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for searching for a gene having a novel function that can cause an increase or decrease in seed protein content so as to improve such feature of a plant.

Solution to Problem

As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above objects, the present inventors found that it is possible to improve various quantitative traits and particularly to increase or decrease seed protein content via induction of expression of a chimeric protein obtained by fusing a particular transcription factor and a functional peptide capable of converting an arbitrary transcription factor into a transcriptional repressor (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a “repressor domain”), introduction of a particular gene encoding a particular transcription factor, or modification of an expression control region of an endogenous gene corresponding to the gene. This has led to the completion of the present invention.

The plant of the present invention is obtained by inducing expression of a chimeric protein in a plant, such chimeric protein obtained by fusing a transcription factor consisting of any one of the following proteins (a) to (c) and a functional peptide capable of converting an arbitrary transcription factor into a transcriptional repressor, introducing a gene encoding a transcription factor consisting of any one of the following proteins (d) to (f) into a plant, or modifying an expression control region of an endogenous gene corresponding to the gene in a plant.

(a) A protein comprising an amino acid sequence shown in any of the even-numbered SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 76

(b) A protein having transactivation activity and comprising an amino acid sequence that has a deletion, a substitution, an addition, or an insertion of one or a plurality of amino acids with respect to an amino acid sequence shown in any of the even-numbered SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 76. (c) A protein having transactivation activity encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes under stringent conditions to a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence shown in any of the odd-numbered SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 76. (d) A protein comprising an amino acid sequence shown in any of the even-numbered SEQ ID NOS: 77 to 84. (e) A protein having transactivation activity and comprising an amino acid sequence that has a deletion, a substitution, an addition, or an insertion of one or a plurality of amino acids with respect to the amino acid sequence shown in any of the even-numbered SEQ ID NOS: 77 to 84. (f) A protein having transactivation activity encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes under stringent conditions to a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence shown in any of the odd-numbered SEQ ID NOS: 77 to 84.

Preferably, the fusion of a functional peptide with a predetermined transcription factor causes repression of transcriptional regulatory activity, and particularly, transactivation activity, of the transcription factor in the plant of the present invention. Examples of the above functional peptide used herein include peptides expressed by the following formulae (1) to (8).

(1) X1-Leu-Asp-Leu-X2-Leu-X3 (SEQ ID NO: 392 with deletion of 0-10 residues from the N-terminus)

(where X1 denotes a set of 0 to 10 amino acid residues, X2 denotes Asn or Glu, and X3 denotes a set of at least 6 amino acid residues.)

(2) Y1-Phe-Asp-Leu-Asn-Y2-Y3 (SEQ ID NO: 393 with deletion of 0-10 residues from the N-terminus)

(where Y1 denotes a set of 0 to 10 amino acid residues, Y2 denotes Phe or Ile, and Y3 denotes a set of at least 6 amino acid residues.)

(3) Z1-Asp-Leu-Z2-Leu-Arg-Leu-Z3 (SEQ ID NO: 394 with deletion of 0-10 residues from the C-terminus and deletion of 0-2 residues from the N-terminus)

(where Z1 denotes Leu, Asp-Leu, or Leu-Asp-Leu, Z2 denotes Glu, Gln, or Asp, and Z3 denotes a set of 0 to 10 amino acid residues.)

(4) Asp-Leu-Z4-Leu-Arg-Leu  (residues 4-9 of SEQ ID NO: 394) (where Z4 denotes Glu, Gln, or Asp.)

(SEQ ID NO: 395) (5) α1-Leu-β1-Leu-γ1-Leu  (SEQ ID NO: 396) (6) α1-Leu-β1-Leu-γ2-Leu  (SEQ ID NO: 397) (7) α1-Leu-β2-Leu-Arg-Leu  (SEQ ID NO: 398) (8) α2-Leu-β1-Leu-Arg-Leu  (where α1 denotes Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Thr, or Ser, α2 denotes Asn, Glu, Gln, Thr, or Ser, β1 denotes Asp, Gln, Asn, Arg, Glu, Thr, Ser, or His, β2 denotes Asn, Arg, Thr, Ser, or His, γ1 denotes Arg, Gln, Asn, Thr, Ser, His, Lys, or Asp, and γ2 denotes Gln, Asn, Thr, Ser, His, Lys, or Asp in formulae (5) to (8).) In addition, the plant of the present invention provides significant improvement or reduction of productivity of a protein contained in seeds. Here, the expression “significant improvement or reduction” indicates that the plant of the present invention allows an increase or decrease in the seed protein content associated with a statistically significant difference when compared in terms of material productivity with a plant in which the above chimeric protein is not expressed.

Meanwhile, according to the present invention, the above chimeric protein, the gene encoding the chimeric protein, an expression vector comprising the gene, and a transformant comprising the gene can be provided.

This description includes part or all of the contents as disclosed in the description and/or drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-135195, which is a priority document of the present application.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

The seed protein content is improved or reduced in the plant of the present invention. Therefore, the use of the plant of the present invention enables mass production of a desired protein in seeds of the plant. Alternatively, seeds that exhibit a significant reduction in the content of a protein contained as an impurity or an allergen can be produced.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The present invention will be described in detail as follows.

The plant of the present invention is a plant in which a chimeric protein obtained by fusing a predetermined transcription factor and a functional peptide capable of converting an arbitrary transcription factor into a transcriptional repressor is expressed, a plant in which a gene encoding a predetermined transcription factor is present as a result of gene introduction, or a plant in which an expression control region of an endogenous gene corresponding to the gene is modified. The plant of the present invention is found to exhibit significant improvement or reduction of the productivity of seed protein when compared with a wild-type plant. Specifically, the plant of the present invention is produced by causing a transcription factor to be expressed in the form of a chimeric protein with the functional peptide in a desired plant, introducing a gene encoding a predetermined transcription factor into a desired plant, or modifying an expression control region of an endogenous gene corresponding to the gene in a desired plant so as to significantly improve or reduce the protein content in seeds of the desired plant. Here, the expression level of the gene can be significantly increased compared with that in a wild-type plant by exogenously introducing a predetermined transcription factor into a plant or modifying an expression control region of an endogenous gene corresponding to the gene in a plant. The plant according to the present invention may be produced by causing the expression of the predetermined transcription factor in all plant tissues, or at least in some plant tissues. Here, the term “plant tissue(s)” is meant to include plant organ(s) such as leaves, stems, seeds, roots, and flowers.

Also, the term “expression control region” refers to a promoter region to which RNA polymerase binds and a region to which another transcription factor binds. A transcriptional regulatory region is preferably modified by substituting a promoter region, for example, among endogenous transcriptional regulatory regions with a promoter region that enables a higher expression level. In addition, when replacing, for example, a promoter region with a promoter region that enables a higher expression level, it becomes possible to cause overexpression of the predetermined transcription factor. Further, the term “overexpression” used herein also indicates a case in which a gene encoding a predetermined transcription factor present in a plant as a result of gene introduction is transcribed and thus is expressed at a level at which the gene can be confirmed as a transcription product.

In particular, preferably, the transactivation activity of a transcription factor is repressed in the plant of the present invention by fusing the factor with the above functional peptide. In other words, when a chimeric protein obtained by fusing a transcription factor with the functional peptide is expressed in the plant of the present invention, this preferably results in expression of transcription repression effects originally imparted to the functional peptide as a dominant trait.

A protein contained in a plant used herein may be any protein originally accumulated in seeds and any protein encoded by a gene exogenously introduced into the plant. In addition, genes to be exogenously introduced are introduced under control of, for example, a publicly known seed-specific expression promoter, thereby allowing efficient expression of the genes in seeds.

In particular, if the seed protein content increases, purification cost or transport cost can be reduced. Thus, such plant is highly industrially applicable. Meanwhile, a protein contained in seeds might become an impurity or allergen, depending on the usage of seeds. Therefore, if the productivity of a protein contained in seeds decreases, the impurity content or the allergen content also decreases. In such case, the seeds are highly industrially applicable.

Plants used herein are not particularly limited, and thus any plant can be used as a target plant. Examples of an available target plant include soybean, sesame, olive oil, coconut, rice, cotton, sunflower, corn, sugarcane, Jatropha, palm, tobacco, safflower, and rapeseed. Also, Arabidopsis thaliana, which has been widely used as an biological model for plant gene analysis and for which gene expression analysis methods have been established, can be used as a target plant.

In addition, transcription repression activity of a chimeric protein comprising a transcription factor is activity of recognizing a cis sequence that is recognized by the transcription factor or a cis sequence of a different transcription factor that is analogous to such a cis sequence so as to actively repress the expression of downstream genes. Thus, such chimeric protein can also be called a “transcriptional repressor.” A method for causing a chimeric protein comprising a transcription factor to have transcription repression activity is not particularly limited. However, the most preferable method may be a method for constructing a chimeric protein (fusion protein) by adding a repressor domain sequence or an SRDX sequence thereto.

In the above method, as a repressor domain sequence, a variety of amino acid sequences discovered by the present inventors, each of which constitutes a peptide capable of converting an arbitrary transcription factor into a transcriptional repressor, can be used. For example, the following can be referred to for a method using a repressor domain sequence: JP Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2001-269177 A; JP Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2001-269178 A; JP Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2001-292776 A; JP Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2001-292777 A; JP Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2001-269176 A; JP Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2001-269179 A; WO03/055903; Ohta, M., Matsui, K., Hiratsu, K., Shinshi, H. and Ohme-Takagi, M., The Plant Cell, Vol. 13, 1959-1968, August, 2001; and Hiratsu, K., Ohta, M., Matsui, K., or Ohme-Takagi, M., FEBS Letters 514 (2002) 351-354. A repressor domain sequence can be excised from a Class II ERF (Ethylene Responsive Element Binding Factor) protein or a plant zinc finger protein (zinc finger protein such as Arabidopsis thaliana SUPERMAN protein). The sequence has a very simple structure.

Examples of a transcription factor constituting a chimeric protein to be expressed include transcription factors specified by AGI codes for Arabidopsis thaliana listed in tables 1 and 2. In addition, any transcription factor listed in table 1 causes a significant increase in seed protein content when a chimeric protein comprising the transcription factor and a repressor domain is expressed in a plant. Meanwhile, any transcription factor listed in table 2 causes a significant decrease in seed protein content when a chimeric protein comprising the transcription factor and a repressor domain is expressed in a plant.

TABLE 1 AGI code Nucleotide sequence Amino acid sequence AT2G23760 SEQ ID NO: 1  SEQ ID NO: 2  AT1G18330 SEQ ID NO: 3  SEQ ID NO: 4  AT2G02070 SEQ ID NO: 5  SEQ ID NO: 6  AT1G12980 SEQ ID NO: 7  SEQ ID NO: 8  AT5G62380 SEQ ID NO: 9  SEQ ID NO: 10 AT4G23750 SEQ ID NO: 11 SEQ ID NO: 12 AT4G32800 SEQ ID NO: 13 SEQ ID NO: 14 AT1G24590 SEQ ID NO: 15 SEQ ID NO: 16 AT5G07690 SEQ ID NO: 17 SEQ ID NO: 18 AT1G71692 SEQ ID NO: 19 SEQ ID NO: 20 AT1G52150 SEQ ID NO: 21 SEQ ID NO: 22 AT3G25890 SEQ ID NO: 23 SEQ ID NO: 24 AT1G09540 SEQ ID NO: 25 SEQ ID NO: 26 AT5G22380 SEQ ID NO: 27 SEQ ID NO: 28 AT2G44940 SEQ ID NO: 29 SEQ ID NO: 30 AT5G41030 SEQ ID NO: 31 SEQ ID NO: 32 AT5G60970 SEQ ID NO: 33 SEQ ID NO: 34 AT5G35550 SEQ ID NO: 35 SEQ ID NO: 36 AT1G60240 SEQ ID NO: 37 SEQ ID NO: 38 AT2G23290 SEQ ID NO: 39 SEQ ID NO: 40 AT5G14000 SEQ ID NO: 41 SEQ ID NO: 42 AT1G19490 SEQ ID NO: 43 SEQ ID NO: 44

TABLE 2 AGI code Nucleotide sequence Amino acid sequence AT1G32770 SEQ ID NO: 45 SEQ ID NO: 46 AT5G47220 SEQ ID NO: 47 SEQ ID NO: 48 AT1G56650 SEQ ID NO: 49 SEQ ID NO: 50 AT1G63910 SEQ ID NO: 51 SEQ ID NO: 52 AT3G15510 SEQ ID NO: 53 SEQ ID NO: 54 AT2G45680 SEQ ID NO: 55 SEQ ID NO: 56 AT2G31230 SEQ ID NO: 57 SEQ ID NO: 58 AT1G12260 SEQ ID NO: 59 SEQ ID NO: 60 AT3G61910 SEQ ID NO: 61 SEQ ID NO: 62 AT5G07310 SEQ ID NO: 63 SEQ ID NO: 64 AT3G14230 SEQ ID NO: 65 SEQ ID NO: 66 AT1G28160 SEQ ID NO: 67 SEQ ID NO: 68 AT1G69120 SEQ ID NO: 69 SEQ ID NO: 70 AT3G10490 SEQ ID NO: 71 SEQ ID NO: 72 AT5G61600 SEQ ID NO: 73 SEQ ID NO: 74 AT1G43160 SEQ ID NO: 75 SEQ ID NO: 76

Moreover, examples of a transcription factor that is introduced into a plant or in which a transcriptional regulatory region is modified include transcription factors specified by AGI codes for Arabidopsis thaliana listed in tables 3 and 4. In addition, any transcription factor listed in table 3 causes a significant increase in seed protein content when it is introduced into a plant or a transcriptional regulatory region thereof is modified. Any transcription factor listed in table 4 causes a significant decrease in seed protein content when it is introduced into a plant or a transcriptional regulatory region thereof is modified.

TABLE 3 AGI code Nucleotide sequence Amino acid sequence AT3G04070 SEQ ID NO: 77 SEQ ID NO: 78 AT2G46770 SEQ ID NO: 79 SEQ ID NO: 80 AT5G35550 SEQ ID NO: 81 SEQ ID NO: 82

TABLE 4 AGI code Nucleotide sequence Amino acid sequence AT1G10200 SEQ ID NO: 83 SEQ ID NO: 84

In addition, examples of a transcription factor constituting a chimeric protein or a transcription factor subjected to gene introduction or modification of an expression control region are not limited to amino acid sequences (shown in the even-numbered SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 84) listed in tables 1 to 4. Also, it is possible to use a transcription factor having transactivation activity and comprising an amino acid sequence that has a deletion, a substitution, an addition, or an insertion of one or a plurality of amino acid sequences with respect to any of the amino acid sequences. Here, the term “a plurality of amino acids” refers to 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 7, further preferably 1 to 5, and particularly preferably 1 to 3 amino acids, for example. In addition, amino acid deletion, substitution, or addition can be performed by modifying a nucleotide sequence encoding any of the above transcription factors by a technique known in the art. Mutation can be introduced into a nucleotide sequence by a known technique such as the Kunkel method or the Gapped duplex method or a method based thereon. For example, mutation is introduced with a mutagenesis kit using site-directed mutagenesis (e.g., Mutant-K or Mutant-G (both are trade names of Takara Bio)) or the like, or a LA PCR in vitro Mutagenesis series kit (trade name, Takara Bio). Also, a mutagenesis method may be: a method using a chemical mutation agent represented by EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate), 5-bromouracil, 2-aminopurine, hydroxylamine, N-methyl-N′-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine, or other carcinogenic compounds; or a method that involves radiation treatment or ultraviolet [UV] treatment typically using X-rays, alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, an ion beam, or the like.

Further, examples of a transcription factor constituting a chimeric protein or a transcription factor subjected to gene introduction or modification of an expression control region are not limited to Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factors listed in tables 1 to 4. Examples of such transcription factor can include transcription factors that function in a similar manner in non-Arabidopsis thaliana plants (e.g., the aforementioned plants) (hereinafter referred to as homologous transcription factors). These homologous transcription factors can be searched for using the genomic information of a search target plant based on amino acid sequences listed in tables 1 to 4 or the nucleotide sequences of individual genes if the plant genomic information has been elucidated. Homologous transcription factors can be identified by searching for amino acid sequences having, for example, 70% or higher, preferably 80% or higher, more preferably 90% or higher, and most preferably 95% or higher homology to the amino acid sequences listed in tables 1 to 4. Here, the value of homology refers to a value that can be found based on default setting using a computer equipped with a BLAST algorithm and a database containing gene sequence information.

In addition, a homologous gene can be identified by, when the plant genome information remains unclarified, extracting the genome from a target plant or constructing a cDNA library for a target plant and then isolating a genomic region or cDNA hybridizing under stringent conditions to at least some portions of the gene encoding any one of the transcription factors listed in tables 1 to 4. Here, the term “stringent conditions” refers to conditions under which namely a specific hybrid is formed, but a non-specific hybrid is never formed. For example, such conditions comprise hybridization at 45° C. with 6×SSC (sodium chloride/sodium citrate), followed by washing at 50° C. to 65° C. with 0.2-1×SSC and 0.1% SDS. Alternatively, such conditions comprise hybridization at 65° C. to 70° C. with 1×SSC, followed by washing at 65° C. to 70° C. with 0.3×SSC. Hybridization can be performed by a conventionally known method such as a method described in J. Sambrook et al. Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1989).

A feature of causing the seed protein content to vary significantly (to be improved or reduced significantly) is imparted to the plant of the present invention by causing expression of the aforementioned chimeric protein comprising a transcription factor and a functional peptide in a plant, introducing the aforementioned gene encoding a transcription factor into a plant, or altering an expression control region of such gene in a plant.

In particular, a feature of causing the seed protein content to vary significantly (to be improved or reduced significantly) is imparted to the plant of the present invention by causing expression of a chimeric protein comprising a transcription factor of interest having repressed transactivation activity, further causing expression of transcription repression activity through recognition of a cis sequence homologous to a cis sequence recognized by the transcription factor of interest, and altering the specific affinity of the transcription factor of interest to that of another factor, nucleic acid, lipid, or carbohydrate. In the plant of the present invention, it is possible to create a chimeric protein comprising an endogenous transcription factor by modifying the endogenous transcription factor. Alternatively, it is also possible to introduce a gene encoding a chimeric protein into the plant so as to cause the gene to be expressed therein. For instance, it is preferable to use a method wherein a gene encoding a chimeric protein (fusion protein) obtained by fusing the aforementioned transcription factor and a functional peptide capable of converting an arbitrary transcription factor into a transcriptional repressor is introduced into a target plant to cause the chimeric protein (fusion protein) to be expressed in the plant.

The expression “transcription factor having repressed transactivation activity” used herein is not particularly limited. Such transcription factor has significantly lower transactivation activity than the original transcription factor. In addition, a “functional peptide capable of converting an arbitrary transcription factor into a transcriptional repressor” (sometimes referred to as a “transcription repressor converting peptide”) is defined as a peptide having the function of causing an arbitrary transcription factor to have significantly reduced transactivation activity in comparison with the original transcription factor when the peptide is fused with the transcription factor to create a chimeric protein. Such “functional peptide capable of converting an arbitrary transcription factor into a transcriptional repressor” is not particularly limited. However, it is particularly preferable for the functional peptide to consist of an amino acid sequence known as a repressor domain sequence or an SRDX sequence. Examples of such transcription repressor converting peptide are described in detail in JP Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2005-204657 A. Any example disclosed in such document can be used.

For example, a transcription repressor converting peptide consists of an amino acid sequence expressed by any one of the following formula (1) to (8).

(1) X1-Leu-Asp-Leu-X2-Leu-X3 (SEQ ID NO: 392 with deletion of 0-10 residues from the N-terminus)

(where X1 denotes a set of 0 to 10 amino acid residues, X2 denotes Asn or Glu, and X3 denotes a set of at least 6 amino acid residues.)

(2) Y1-Phe-Asp-Leu-Asn-Y2-Y3 (SEQ ID NO: 393 with deletion of 0-10 residues from the N-terminus)

(where Y1 denotes a set of 0 to 10 amino acid residues, Y2 denotes Phe or Ile, and Y3 denotes a set of at least 6 amino acid residues.)

(3) Z1-Asp-Leu-Z2-Leu-Arg-Leu-Z3 (SEQ ID NO: 394 with deletion of 0-10 residues from the C-terminus and deletion of 0-2 residues from the N-terminus)

(where Z1 denotes Leu, Asp-Leu, or Leu-Asp-Leu, Z2 denotes Glu, Gln, or Asp, and Z3 denotes a set of 0 to 10 amino acid residues.)

(4) Asp-Leu-Z4-Leu-Arg-Leu  (residues 4-9 of SEQ ID NO: 394) (where Z4 denotes Glu, Gln, or Asp.)

(SEQ ID NO: 395) (5) α1-Leu-β1-Leu-γ1-Leu  (SEQ ID NO: 396) (6) α1-Leu-β1-Leu-γ2-Leu  (SEQ ID NO: 397) (7) α1-Leu-β2-Leu-Arg-Leu  (SEQ ID NO: 398) (8) α2-Leu-β1-Leu-Arg-Leu 

(where α1 denotes Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Thr, or Ser, α2 denotes Asn, Glu, Gln, Thr, or Ser, β1 denotes Asp, Gln, Asn, Arg, Glu, Thr, Ser, or His, β2 denotes Asn, Arg, Thr, Ser, or His, γ1 denotes Arg, Gln, Asn, Thr, Ser, His, Lys, or Asp, and γ2 denotes Gln, Asn, Thr, Ser, His, Lys, or Asp in formulae (5) to (8).)

Transcription Repressor Converting Peptide of Formula (1)

The number of amino acid residues in the set denoted by “X1” may be 0 to 10 for the transcription repressor converting peptide of formula (1). In addition, types of specific amino acids corresponding to amino acid residues in the set denoted by X1 are not particularly limited. Any amino acid can be used. In view of ease of synthesis of the transcription repressor converting peptide of formula (1), it is preferable to minimize the length of the set of amino acid residues denoted by X1. Specifically, the number of amino acid residues in the set denoted by X1 is preferably not more than 5.

Transcription Repressor Converting Peptide of Formula (2)

As in the case of X1 for the transcription repressor converting peptide of formula (1), the number of amino acid residues in the set denoted by Y1 for the transcription repressor converting peptide of formula (2) may be 0 to 10. In addition, types of specific amino acids corresponding to amino acid residues in the set denoted by Y1 are not particularly limited, and thus any amino acid may be used. The number of specific amino acid residues in the set denoted by Y1 is preferably not more than 5.

Similarly, as in the case of X3 for the transcription repressor converting peptide of formula (1), the number of amino acid residues in the set denoted by Y3 for the transcription repressor converting peptide of formula (2) may be at least 6. In addition, types of specific amino acids corresponding to amino acid residues in the set denoted by Y3 are not particularly limited, and thus any amino acid may be used.

Transcription Repressor Converting Peptide of Formula (3)

For the transcription repressor converting peptide of formula (3), the set of amino acid residues denoted by Z1 contains 1 to 3 “Leu” amino acids. When it contains a single amino acid, Z1 denotes Leu. When it contains two amino acids, Z1 denotes Asp-Leu. When it contains 3 amino acids, Z1 denotes Leu-Asp-Leu.

Meanwhile, for the transcription repressor converting peptide of formula (3), the number of amino acid residues in the set denoted by Z3 may be 0 to 10. In addition, types of specific amino acids corresponding to amino acid residues in the set denoted by Z3 are not particularly limited, and thus any amino acid may be used. Specifically, the number of amino acid residues in the set denoted by Z3 is preferably not more than 5. Specific examples of an amino acid residue in the set denoted by Z3 include, but are not limited to, Gly, Gly-Phe-Phe, Gly-Phe-Ala, Gly-Tyr-Tyr, and Ala-Ala-Ala.

In addition, the number of amino acid residues consisting of a transcription repressor converting peptide as a whole of formula (3) is not particularly limited. However, in view of ease of synthesis, it is preferably not more than 20 amino acids.

Transcription Repressor Converting Peptide of Formula (4)

The transcription repressor converting peptide of formula (4) is a hexamer (6mer) consisting of 6 amino acid residues. In addition, if the amino acid residue denoted by Z4 in the transcription repressor converting peptide of formula (4) is Glu, the amino acid sequence of the peptide corresponds to a region ranging from position 196 to position 201 of the amino acid sequence of the Arabidopsis thaliana SUPERMAN protein (SUP protein).

A chimeric protein (fusion protein) is created through fusion of any of the different transcription repressor converting peptides described above and any of the transcription factors described above so as to modify characteristics of the transcription factor. Specifically, a chimeric protein (fusion protein) is created through fusion of the transcription factor and the transcription repressor converting peptide, making it possible to modify the transcription factor into a transcriptional repressor or a negative transcriptional coactivator. In addition, it is possible to further convert a non-dominant transcriptional repressor into a dominant transcriptional repressor.

In addition, a chimeric protein (fusion protein) can be produced by obtaining a fusion gene of a polynucleotide encoding any transcription repressor converting peptide described above and a gene encoding a transcription factor. Specifically, a fusion gene is constructed by linking a polynucleotide encoding the transcription repressor converting peptide (hereinafter referred to as a “transcription repressor converting polynucleotide”) and the gene encoding a transcription factor. The fusion gene is introduced into plant cells, thereby allowing production of a chimeric protein (fusion protein). The specific nucleotide sequence of the transcription repressor converting polynucleotide is not particularly limited. It is only necessary for the transcription repressor converting polynucleotide to comprise a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence of the transcription repressor converting peptide in accordance with the genetic code of the peptide. In addition, if necessary, the transcription repressor converting polynucleotide may have a nucleotide sequence that serves as a linking site via which the transcription repressor converting polynucleotide is linked to a transcription factor gene. Further, if the amino acid reading frame of the transcription repressor converting polynucleotide does not match the reading frame of the transcription factor gene, the transcription repressor converting polynucleotide can comprise an additional nucleotide sequence that allows matching of both reading frames. Furthermore, the transcription repressor converting polynucleotide may comprise a variety of additional polypeptides such as a polypeptide having a linker function to link a transcription factor and a transcription repressor converting peptide and a polypeptide such as His, Myc, or Flag used for epitope labeling of a chimeric protein (fusion protein). Moreover, if necessary, the chimeric protein (fusion protein) may have a construct such as a sugar chain, an isoprenoid group, or the like as well as such polypeptide.

In addition, a conventionally known expression vector or the like can be used when the above gene encoding a transcription factor is introduced into plants.

A method for producing a plant is not particularly limited as long as it comprises a step of producing the above chimeric protein comprising a transcription factor and a transcription repressor converting peptide in a plant or a step of introducing the above gene encoding a transcription factor into a plant or modifying an expression control region of the gene. However, for example, a production method comprising steps such as an expression vector construction step, a transformation step, and a selection step can be used. Each step is specifically described below.

Expression Vector Construction Step

The expression vector construction step is not particularly limited as long as it includes a step of constructing a recombinant expression vector containing the gene encoding a transcription factor, a transcription repressor converting polynucleotide, and a promoter. Also, the expression vector construction step is not particularly limited as long as it is a step of constructing a recombinant expression vector containing the gene encoding a transcription factor to be introduced and a promoter. As a vector serving as a mother body for a recombinant expression vector, various conventionally known vectors can be used. For example, plasmids, phages, cosmids, or the like can be used and such vector can be appropriately selected depending on plant cells into which it is introduced and introduction methods. Specific examples of such vector include pBR322, pBR325, pUC19, pUC119, pBluescript, pBluescriptSK, and pBI vectors. Particularly, when a method for introduction of a vector into a plant uses Agrobacterium, a pBI binary vector is preferably used. Specific examples of such pBI binary vector include pBIG, pBIN19, pBI101, pBI121, and pBI221.

A promoter used herein is not particularly limited as long as it can cause gene expression in plants. Any known promoter can be appropriately used. Examples of such promoter include a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (CaMV35S), various actin gene promoters, various ubiquitin gene promoters, a nopaline synthase gene promoter, a tobacco PR1a gene promoter, a tomato ribulose1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase.oxidase small subunit gene promoter, a napin gene promoter, and an oleosin gene promoter. Of these, a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, an actin gene promoter, or a ubiquitin gene promoter can be more preferably used. The use of each of the above promoters enables strong expression of any gene when it is introduced into plant cells. The structure of a recombinant expression vector itself is not particularly limited as long as the promoter is linked to a fusion gene obtained by linking a gene encoding a transcription factor and a transcription repressor converting polynucleotide so as to cause expression of the gene and introduced into the vector. Also, the structure of a recombinant expression vector itself is not particularly limited as long as the promoter is linked to a gene encoding a desired transcription factor for gene introduction so as to cause expression of the gene and introduced into the vector.

In addition, a recombinant expression vector may further contain other DNA segments, in addition to a promoter and the fusion gene or the gene encoding a transcription factor. Such other DNA segments are not particularly limited and examples thereof include a terminator, a selection marker, an enhancer, and a nucleotide sequence for enhancing translation efficiency. Also, the above recombinant expression vector may further have a T-DNA region. A T-DNA region can enhance efficiency for gene introduction particularly when the above recombinant expression vector is introduced into a plant using Agrobacterium.

A transcription terminator is not particularly limited as long as it has functions as a transcription termination site and may be any known transcription terminator. For example, specifically, a transcription termination region (Nos terminator) of a nopaline synthase gene, a transcription termination region (CaMV35S terminator) of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S, or the like can be preferably used. Of them, the Nos terminator can be more preferably used. In the case of the above recombinant vector, a phenomenon such that an unnecessarily long transcript is synthesized and that a strong promoter decreases the number of copies of a plasmid after introduction into plant cells can be prevented by arranging a transcription terminator at an appropriate position.

As a transformant selection marker, a drug resistance gene can be used, for example. Specific examples of such drug resistance gene include drug resistance genes against hygromycin, bleomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and the like. Transformed plants can be easily selected by selecting plants that can grow in medium containing the above antibiotics.

An example of a nucleotide sequence for increasing translation efficiency is an omega sequence from tobacco mosaic virus. This omega sequence is arranged in an untranslated region (5′UTR) of a promoter, so that the translation efficiency of the fusion gene can be increased. As such, the recombinant expression vector can contain various DNA segments depending on purposes.

A method for constructing a recombinant expression vector is not particularly limited. To an appropriately selected vector serving as a mother body, the above promoter, a fusion gene consisting of a gene encoding a transcription factor and a transcription repressor converting polynucleotide or a gene encoding a desired transcription factor for gene introduction, and, if necessary, the above other DNA segments may be introduced in a predetermined order. For example, a gene encoding a transcription factor and a transcription repressor converting polynucleotide are linked to construct a fusion gene, and then the fusion gene and the promoter (e.g., a transcription terminator according to need) are then linked to construct an expression cassette and then the cassette may be introduced into a vector.

In construction of a chimeric gene (fusion gene) and an expression cassette, for example, cleavage sites of DNA segments are prepared to have protruding ends complementary to each other and then performing a reaction with a ligation enzyme, making it possible to specify the order of the DNA segments. In addition, when an expression cassette contains a terminator, DNA segments may be arranged in the following order from upstream: a promoter, the fusion gene or the gene encoding a transcription factor, and a terminator. Also, reagents for construction of an expression vector (that is, types of restriction enzymes, ligation enzymes, and the like) are also not particularly limited. Hence, commercially available reagents can be appropriately selected and used.

Also, a method for replicating (a method for producing) the above expression vector is not particularly limited and conventionally known replication methods can be used herein. In general, such expression vector may be replicated within Escherichia coli as a host. At this time, preferred types of Escherichia coli may be selected depending on the types of vector.

Transformation Step

The transformation step carried out in the present invention is a step of introducing the fusion gene or the gene encoding a transcription factor into plant cells using the above recombinant expression vector so as to cause the expression of the gene. A method for introducing such gene into plant cells (transformation method) using a recombinant expression vector is not particularly limited. Conventionally known appropriate introduction methods can be used depending on plant cells. Specifically, a method using Agrobacterium or a method that involves direct introduction into plant cells can be used, for example. As a method using Agrobacterium, a method described in the following can be employed, for example: Bechtold, E., Ellis, J. and Pelletier, G. (1993), In Planta Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer by infiltration of adult Arabidopsis plants. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sci. Vie, 316, 1194-1199; or Zyprian E, Kado Cl, Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation by novel mini-T vectors in conjunction with a high-copy vir region helper plasmid, Plant Molecular Biology, 1990, 15(2), 245-256.

As a method for directly introducing DNA comprising a recombinant expression vector and a target gene into plant cells, microinjection, electroporation, a polyethylene glycol method, a particle gun method, protoplast fusion, a calcium phosphate method, or the like can be employed.

Also, when a method for directly introducing DNA into plant cells is employed, DNA that can be used herein contains transcriptional units required for the expression of a target gene, such as a promoter and a transcription terminator, and a target gene. Vector functions are not essential in such case. Moreover, a DNA that contains a protein coding region alone of a target gene having no transcriptional unit may be used herein, as long as it is integrated into a host's transcriptional unit and then the target gene can be expressed.

Examples of plant cells into which DNA comprising the above recombinant expression vector and a target gene or DNA containing no expression vector but a target gene DNA is introduced include cells of each tissue of plant organs such as flowers, leaves, and roots, calluses, and suspension-cultured cells. At this time, according to the plant production method of the present invention, an appropriate expression vector may be constructed as the above recombinant expression vector according to the type of plant to be produced or a versatile expression vector may be constructed in advance and then introduced into plant cells. That is to say, the plant production method of the present invention may or may not comprise a step of constructing a DNA for transformation using the recombinant expression vector.

Other Steps and Methods

The plant production method of the present invention needs to comprise at least the transformation step, and the method may further comprise a step of constructing the DNA for transformation using the recombinant expression vector. The method may further comprise other steps. Specifically, for example, a step of selecting an appropriate transformant from among transformed plants can be employed.

A selection method is not particularly limited. For example, selection may be carried based on drug resistance such as hygromycin resistance. Alternatively, selection may be carried out based on the protein content in plant seeds collected from cultivated transformants. For example, a method comprising collecting plant seeds, determining the protein content in the seeds according to a standard method, and comparing the protein content with the protein content in non-transformed plant seeds can be employed in a case in which selection is carried out based on protein content (see the Examples described below).

According to the plant production method of the present invention, the fusion gene or the gene encoding a transcription factor is introduced into a plant. This makes it possible to obtain an offspring plant having a significantly improved or reduced protein content in comparison with the plant via sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction. Also, plant cells or reproductive materials, such as seeds, fruits, stocks, calluses, tubers, cut ears, or lumps, may be obtained from the plant or an offspring plant thereof. The plant can be mass-produced therefrom based on such materials. Therefore, the plant production method of the present invention may comprise a reproduction step (mass production step) for reproducing a selected plant.

In addition, the plant of the present invention may include a matter comprising at least any one of an adult plant, plant cells, plant tissue, callus, and seeds. That is, according to the present invention, any matter in a state that allows it to eventually grow to become a plant can be regarded as a plant. In addition, plant cells include plant cells in various forms. Examples of such plant cells include suspension-cultured cells, protoplasts, and leaf sections. As a result of proliferation/differentiation of such plant cells, a plant can be obtained. In addition, a plant can be reproduced from plant cells by a conventionally known method depending on the types of plant cells. Therefore, the plant production method of the present invention may comprise a regeneration step of regenerating a plant from plant cells or the like.

In addition, the plant production method of the present invention is not limited to a method of transformation using a recombinant expression vector. A different method may be used. Specifically, for example, the chimeric protein (fusion protein) itself or a transcription factor (protein) can be administered to a plant. In this case, the chimeric protein (fusion protein) or a transcription factor (protein) can be administered to a young plant such that the seed protein content can be improved. In addition, a method of administration of a chimeric protein (fusion protein) or a transcription factor (protein) is not particularly limited, and a different known method can be used.

As described above, according to the present invention, it becomes possible to provide a plant for which the seed protein content has been caused to vary significantly (to be improved or reduced significantly) relative to the protein content in a wild-type plant by inducing expression of a chimeric protein comprising a predetermined transcription factor and any functional peptide described above or a predetermined transcription factor. When the chimeric protein is expressed in a plant, it might cause repression of transactivation activity of a target transcription factor or it might cause exhibition of transcription repression effects upon a sequence homologous to a cis sequence recognized by a target transcription factor. Further, in some cases, such chimeric protein functions to change the specific affinity of another factor, DNA, RNA, lipid, or carbohydrate having affinity to a target transcription factor or transcriptional coactivator. Alternatively, in some cases, it functions to cause a substance having no affinity to a target transcription factor to have improved affinity thereto. The following factors can be expressed in a similar manner in the plant of the present invention: a transcription factor that constitutes a chimeric protein; a transcription factor capable of recognizing a cis sequence homologous to a cis sequence recognized by the transcription factor; a transcription factor homologous to a transcription factor that constitutes a chimeric protein; other factors each having affinity to a transcription factor that constitutes a chimeric protein; and the like. However, the above effects of a chimeric protein allow suppression of gene expression to be controlled in a dominant-negative manner. Accordingly, the expression levels of gene groups involved in plant growth and the expression levels of gene groups involved in protein production in seeds and/or gene groups involved in decomposition of a produced protein would vary in the plant of the present invention. This is thought to cause significant variation in seed protein content.

Here, significant variation in the seed protein content exists in a case in which the plant of the present invention exhibits an improvement of the protein amount over a wild-type plant while the single seed mass remains stable, a case in which the plant of the present invention is found to exhibit improvement of protein content with a significantly higher or lower level of single seed mass than that of a wild-type plant, or a case in which the plant of the present invention is found to exhibit improvement or reduction of seed protein content when compared with a wild-type plant. In any case, it corresponds to a variation in the amount of a protein produced by a single individual plant.

More specifically, if a chimeric protein comprising any transcription factor listed in table 1 is expressed in a plant, the protein content in seeds of the plant would be improved by approximately 20% or more compared with a wild-type plant. In addition, if a gene encoding any transcription factor listed in table 3 is introduced into a plant, the protein content in seeds of the plant would be improved by approximately 20% or more compared with a wild-type plant. Among the plants of the present invention, a plant confirmed to have increased protein content can be used for a method for producing a plant-derived protein. For example, a protein can be produced by cultivating the plant of the present invention, taking seeds therefrom, and collecting protein components from the obtained seeds. In particular, it can be said that the protein production method using the plant of the present invention is a method whereby high protein content in seeds can be achieved, resulting in excellent productivity. In other words, assuming that the number of cultivated plant individuals per unit area of cultivated acreage is stable and thus the amount of collected seeds is stable, the amount of protein produced per unit area of cultivated acreage can be remarkably improved with the use of the plant of the present invention. Therefore, production cost necessary for protein production can be significantly reduced with the use of the plant of the present invention.

EXAMPLES

The present invention is hereafter described in greater detail with reference to the following examples, although the technical scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1 Transcription Factor Gene Amplification

Each of the following transcription factors was subjected to PCR amplification of a coding region DNA fragment including or excluding a termination codon using the Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library and primers described below: At2g23760, At1g18330, At2g02070, At1g12980, At5g62380, At4g23750, At4g32800, At1g24590, At5g07690, At1g71692, At1g52150, At3g25890, At1g09540, At5g22380, At2g44940, At5g41030, At5g60970, At5g35550, At1g60240, At2g23290, At5g14000, At1g19490, At5g58900, At5g07580, At3g04070, At2g42830, At2g22200, At5g25190, At5g54230, At5g67300, At4g28140, At5g23260, At1g69490, At4g18390, At1g15360, At1g27370, At1g78080, At5g25390, At3g04060, At1g44830, At3g49850, At5g06100, At1g74840, At3g04070, At2g46770, At5g35550, At1g71030, At2g44840, At3g23220, At1g18570, At3g01530, At5g51190, At4g34410, At5g22290, At3g04420, At3g45150, At3g29035, At3g02150, At2g41710, At1g49120, At1g64380, At3g23230, At1g01010, At5g53290, At1g36060, At5g66300, At2g46310, At5g47390, At1g71030, At1g17520, At3g23220, At2g18060, At5g08070, At1g80580, At1g34190, At2g47520, At5g67000, At4g27950, At5g47230, At3g28910, At3g11280, At5g07680, At1g25470, At1g28520, At1g77450, At5g24590, At5g08790, At1g67260, At4g28530, At5g13910, At5g64530, At2g33710, At1g53230, At1g56010, At5g18560, At5g67580, At5g24520, At4g18390, At1g69690, At5g13330, At5g60970, At3g23220, At1g62700, At5g13330, At1g22985, At5g09330, At1g10200, At1g61110, At1g30210, At5g40330, At5g13180, At1g52880, At4g18450, At5g07580, At1g74930, At4g36160, At3g18550, At5g64750, At2g02450, At2g42400, At5g67300, At1g68800, At1g14510, At1g25580, At5g18270, At2g44840, At3g15500, At4g35580, At4g01550, At4g37750, At1g52890, At2g17040, At2g33480, At5g39610, At1g32770, At5g47220, At1g56650, At1g63910, At3g15510, At2g45680, At2g31230, At1g12260, At3g61910, At5g07310, At3g14230, At1g28160, At1g69120, At3g10490, At5g61600, At1g43160, At3g15210, At4g08150, and At1g10200. Note that a coding region DNA fragment including a termination codon was amplified for each of At3g04070, At2g46770, At5g35550, At1g71030, At2g44840, At4g18390, At1g69690, At5g13330, At5g60970, At3g23220, At3g15210, At4g08150, and At1g10200. PCR was carried out under conditions of 94° C. for 1 minute, 47° C. for 2 minutes, and elongation reaction at 74° C. for 1 minute for 25 cycles. Next, each PCR product was isolated by agarose gel electrophoresis and collected.

TABLE 5 Nucleotide Nucleotide AGI code Fowerd primer sequence Reverse primer sequence At2g23760 GATGGGTTTAGCTACTACAACTTCTTCTAT SEQ ID NO: 85 AAAATCTCCAAAGTCTCTAACGGAGAAAGA SEQ ID NO: 86 At1g18330 GATGGCCGCTGAGGATCGAAGTGAGGAACT SEQ ID NO: 87 GCATATACGTGCTCTTTGGCTTTTCTTTTC SEQ ID NO: 88 At2g02070 GATGGCTGCTTCTTCATCCTCCGCTGCTTC SEQ ID NO: 89 GAAACTCGCATGATGGATTCCATAAGGTGG SEQ ID NO: 90 At1g12980 AATGGAAAAAGCCTTGAGAAACTTC SEQ ID NO: 91 TCCCCACGATCTTCGGCAAGTACA SEQ ID NO: 92 At5g62380 GATGGAAAGTCTCGCACACATTCCTCCCGG SEQ ID NO: 93 CGTGTGTGTATTTTGAGCCCAAGAGTAGAA SEQ ID NO: 94 At4g23750 ATGGAAGCGGAGAAGAAAATGG SEQ ID NO: 95 AACAGCTAAAAGAGGATCCGAC SEQ ID NO: 96 At4g32800 ATGGCGGATTCGTCTTCCGAC SEQ ID NO: 97 GGGAAAATGTTTCCAAGATTCG SEQ ID NO: 98 At1g24590 ATGGAAGAAGCAATCATGAGAC SEQ ID NO: 99 ATAATCATCATGAAAGCAATACTG SEQ ID NO: 100 At5g07690 GATGTCAAGAAAGCCATGTTGTGTGGGAGA SEQ ID NO: 101 TATGAAGTTCTTGTCGTCGTAATCTTGGCT SEQ ID NO: 102 At1g71692 GATGGCTCGTGGAAAGATTCAGCTTAAGAG SEQ ID NO: 103 GAACTGAAATATTTCACTTGGCATTGTTAG SEQ ID NO: 104 At1g52150 GATGGCAATGTCTTGCAAGGATGGTAAGTT SEQ ID NO: 105 CACAAAGGACCAATTGATGAACACAAAGCA SEQ ID NO: 106 At3g25890 ATGGCTGAACGAAAGAAACGC SEQ ID NO: 107 TGGGCACGCGATATTAAGAGG SEQ ID NO: 108 At1g09540 GATGGGGAGACATTCTTGCTGTTACAAACA SEQ ID NO: 109 AAGGGACTGACCAAAAGAGACGGCCATTCT SEQ ID NO: 110 At5g22380 GATGGCCGATGAGGTCACAATCGGGTTTCG SEQ ID NO: 111 AGGCCAAGTCAGCTGTTCCCAGTCCCACAT SEQ ID NO: 112 At2g44940 ATGGCAAGACAAATCAACATAGAG SEQ ID NO: 113 TTCAGATAGAAAAAACGGCTCTTC SEQ ID NO: 114 At5g41030 ATGGTCATGGAGCCCAAGAAG SEQ ID NO: 115 TGAACCATTTTCCTCTGCACTC SEQ ID NO: 116 At5g60970 ATGAGATCAGGAGAATGTGATG SEQ ID NO: 117 AGAATCTGATTCATTATCGCTAC SEQ ID NO: 118 At5g35550 GATGGGAAAGAGAGCAACTACTAGTGTGAG SEQ ID NO: 119 ACAAGTGAAGTCTCGGAGCCAATCTTCATC SEQ ID NO: 120 At1g60240 GATGAAGTCAAGACGTGAACAATCAATCGA SEQ ID NO: 121 TTTATAGTAACCTCGAATGTGCTGGGCCAA SEQ ID NO: 122 At2g23290 GATGTCTGGTTCGACCCGGAAAGAAATGGA SEQ ID NO: 123 CTCGATCCTACCTAATCCAATAAACTCTCT SEQ ID NO: 124 At5g14000 GATGGAGGTGGAGAAGAGGATTGTAG SEQ ID NO: 125 CTCATCAGCTGAGGTAGGAGGAG SEQ ID NO: 126 At1g19490 GATGGAGTTGGAGCCTATATCATCGAGTTG SEQ ID NO: 127 TCCGACCTGCATCCGACATTGACGGCCATG SEQ ID NO: 128 At5g58900 GATGGAGGTTATGAGACCGTCGACGTCACA SEQ ID NO: 129 TAGTTGAAACATTGTGTTTTGGGCGTCATA SEQ ID NO: 130 At5g07580 ATGGCGAGTTTTGAGGAAAGC SEQ ID NO: 131 AAATGCATCACAGGAAGATGAAG SEQ ID NO: 132 At3g04070 GATGATAAGCAAGGATCCAAGATCGAGTTT SEQ ID NO: 133 GCCTTGATATTGAAGGTGAGAACTCATCAT SEQ ID NO: 134 At2g42830 GATGGAGGGTGGTGCGAGTAATGAAGTAGC SEQ ID NO: 135 AACAAGTTGCAGAGGTGGTTGGTCTTGGTT SEQ ID NO: 136 At2g22200 ATGGAAACTGCTTCTCTTTCTTTC SEQ ID NO: 137 AGAATTGGCCAGTTTACTAATTGC SEQ ID NO: 138 At5g25190 ATGGCACGACCACAACAACGC SEQ ID NO: 139 CAGCGTCTGAGTTGGTAAAACAG SEQ ID NO: 140 At5g54230 GATGGGAAAATCTTCAAGCTCGGAGGAAAG SEQ ID NO: 141 TGATAGATTCAAAGCATTATTATTATGATC SEQ ID NO: 142 At5g67300 GATGGCTGATAGGATCAAAGGTCCATGGAG SEQ ID NO: 143 CTCGATTCTCCCAACTCCAATTTGACTCAT SEQ ID NO: 144 At4g28140 ATGGACTTTGACGAGGAGCTAAATC SEQ ID NO: 145 AAAGAAAGGCCTCATAGGACAAG SEQ ID NO: 146 At5g23260 GATGGGTAGAGGGAAGATAGAGATAAAGAA SEQ ID NO: 147 ATCATTCTGGGCCGTTGGATCGTTTTGAAG SEQ ID NO: 148 At1g69490 GATGGAAGTAACTTCCCAATCTACCCTCCC SEQ ID NO: 149 AAACTTAAACATCGCTTGACGATGATGGTT SEQ ID NO: 150 At4g18390 ATGATTGGAGATCTAATGAAG SEQ ID NO: 151 GTTCTTGCCTTTACCCTTATG SEQ ID NO: 152 At1g15360 ATGGTACAGACGAAGAAGTTCAG SEQ ID NO: 153 GTTTGTATTGAGAAGCTCCTCTATC SEQ ID NO: 154 At1g27370 GATGGACTGCAACATGGTATCTTCGTTCCC SEQ ID NO: 155 GATGAAATGACTAGGGAAAGTGCCAAATAT SEQ ID NO: 156 At1g78080 GATGGCAGCTGCTATGAATTTGTAC SEQ ID NO: 157 AGCTAGAATCGAATCCCAATCG SEQ ID NO: 158 At5g25390 ATGGTACATTCGAAGAAGTTCCG SEQ ID NO: 159 GACCTGTGCAATGGATCCAG SEQ ID NO: 160 At3g04060 GATGGTGGAAGAAGGCGGCGTAG SEQ ID NO: 161 GCTAGTATATAAATCTTCCCAGAAG SEQ ID NO: 162 At1g44830 ATGGTGAAAACACTTCAAAAGACAC SEQ ID NO: 163 GCAGAAGTTCCATAATCTGATATC SEQ ID NO: 164 At3g49850 GATGGGAGCTCCAAAGCTGAAGTGGACACC SEQ ID NO: 165 CCGAGTTTGGCTATGCATTCTATACTTCAC SEQ ID NO: 166 At5g06100 GATGAGTTACACGAGCACTGACAGTGACCA SEQ ID NO: 167 ACAAACTATTTCAAGTGATGGTAAGGTGAA SEQ ID NO: 168 At1g74840 GATGGCCGACGGTAGTACTAGTTCTTCGGA SEQ ID NO: 169 AGCGACTCCAATCGTGTTGAATGCTGGATG SEQ ID NO: 170 At3g04070 GATGATAAGCAAGGATCCAAGATCGAGTTT SEQ ID NO: 171 CTAGCCTTGATATTGAAGGTGAGAACTCAT SEQ ID NO: 172 At2g46770 GATGATGTCAAAATCTATGAGCATATC SEQ ID NO: 173 TTATCCACTACCATTCGACACGTGACAAAA SEQ ID NO: 174 At5g35550 GGGATGGGAAAGAGAGCAACTACTAGTGTGAGG SEQ ID NO: 175 TCAACAAGTGAAGTCTCGGAGCCAATCTTC SEQ ID NO: 176 At1g71030 GATGAACAAAACCCGCCTTCGTGCTCTCTC SEQ ID NO: 177 TCATCGGAATAGAAGAAGCGTTTCTTGACC SEQ ID NO: 178 At2g44840 ATGAGCTCATCTGATTCCGTTAATAAC SEQ ID NO: 179 TTATATCCGATTATCAGAATAAGAAC SEQ ID NO: 180 At3g23220 ATGAAATACAGAGGCGTACGAAAG SEQ ID NO: 181 GCGGTTTGCGTCGTTACAATTG SEQ ID NO: 182 At1g18570 GATGGTGCGGACACCGTGTTGCAAAGCTGA SEQ ID NO: 183 TCCAAAATAGTTATCAATTTCGTCAAACAA SEQ ID NO: 184 At3g01530 GATGGAGACGACGATGAAGAAGAAAGGGAG SEG ID NO: 185 AATCACATGGTGGTCACCATTAAGCAAGTG SEG ID NO: 186 At5g51190 ATGGCTTCTTCACATCAACAACAG SEG ID NO: 187 AGTAACTACGAGTTGAGAGTGTC SEG ID NO: 188 At4g34410 ATGCATTATCCTAACAACAGAACC SEG ID NO: 189 CTGGAACATATCAGCAATTGTATTTC SEG ID NO: 190 At5g22290 GATGGACACGAAGGCGGTTGGAGTTTC SEG ID NO: 191 TTCTAGATAAAACAACATTGCTATC SEG ID NO: 192 At3g04420 GATGGAGAATCCGGTGGGTTTAAG SEG ID NO: 193 TGTTCTTGAGATAGAAGAACATTGG SEG ID NO: 194 At3g45150 ATGGATTCGAAAAATGGAATTAAC SEG ID NO: 195 AACTGTGGTTGTGGCTGTTGTTG SEG ID NO: 196 At3g29035 GATGGATTACAAGGTATCAAGAAG SEG ID NO: 197 GAATTTCCAAACGCAATCAAGATTC SEG ID NO: 198 At3g02150 ATGAATATCGTCTCTTGGAAAGATG SEG ID NO: 199 TCACATATGGTGATCACTTCCTCTACTTG SEG ID NO: 200 At2g41710 GATGGCGTCGGTGTCGTCGTC SEG ID NO: 201 TTTCTCTTGTGGGAGGTAGCTG SEG ID NO: 202 At1g49120 ATGATCAGTTTCAGAGAAGAGAAC SEG ID NO: 203 TAAAAACTTATCGATCCAATCAGTAG SEG ID NO: 204 At1g64380 ATGGAAGAAAGCAATGATATTTTTC SEG ID NO: 205 ATTGGCAAGAACTTCCCAAATCAG SEG ID NO: 206 At3g23230 ATGGAGAGCTCAAACAGGAGC SEG ID NO: 207 TCTCTTCCTTTCTTCTGAATCAAG SEG ID NO: 208 At1g01010 GATGGAGGATCAAGTTGGGTTTGGG SEG ID NO: 209 ACCAACAAGAATGATCCAACTAATG SEG ID NO: 210 At5g53290 ATGGACGAATATATTGATTTCCGAC SEG ID NO: 211 AGCAACTAATAGATCTGATATCAATG SEG ID NO: 212 At1g36060 ATGGCGGATCTCTTCGGTGG SEG ID NO: 213 CGATAAAATTGAAGCCCAATCTATC SEG ID NO: 214 At5g66300 GATGATGAAGGTTGATCAAGATTATTCGTG SEG ID NO: 215 GTCTTCTCCACTCATCAAAAATTGAGACGC SEG ID NO: 216 At2g46310 ATGAAAAGCCGAGTGAGAAAATC SEG ID NO: 217 TTACTTATCCAACAAATGATCTTGG SEG ID NO: 218 At5g47390 GATGACTCGTCGATGTTCTCACTGCAATCA SEG ID NO: 219 TAAAGCGTGTATCACGCTTTTGATGTCTGA SEG ID NO: 220 At1g71030 GATGAACAAAACCCGCCTTCGTGCTCTCTC SEG ID NO: 221 TCGGAATAGAAGAAGCGTTTCTTGACCTGT SEG ID NO: 222 At1g17520 GATGGGAAATCAGAAGCTCAAATGGACGGC SEG ID NO: 223 ATTCAAGTACATAATCTTTCCCTGACTACA SEG ID NO: 224 At3g23220 GATGGATCCATTTTTAATTCAGTCCCCATT SEG ID NO: 225 CCAAGTCCCACTATTTTCAGAAGACCCCAA SEG ID NO: 226 At2g18060 GATGGAGCCAATGGAATCTTGTAGCGTTCC SEG ID NO: 227 ATTATCAAATACGCAAATCCCAATATCATA SEG ID NO: 228 At5g08070 ATGGGAATAAAAAAAGAAGATCAG SEG ID NO: 229 CTCGATATGGTCTGGTTGTGAG SEG ID NO: 230 At1g80580 ATGGAAAACAGCTACACCGTTG SEG ID NO: 231 CTTCCTAGACAACAACCCTAAAC SEG ID NO: 232 At1g34190 GATGGCGGATTCTTCACCCGATTCG SEG ID NO: 233 GTCTTTCAAGAGAAGACTTCTACC SEG ID NO: 234 At2g47520 ATGTGTGGGGGAGCTATCATTTC SEG ID NO: 235 ATTGGAGTCTTGATAGCTCC SEG ID NO: 236 At5g67000 ATGGATAATTCAGAAAATGTTC SEG ID NO: 237 TCTCCACCGCCGTTTAATTC SEG ID NO: 238 At4g27950 ATGATGATGGATGAGTTTATGGATC SEG ID NO: 239 CACAAGTAAGAGATCGGATATC SEG ID NO: 240 At5g47230 GGGGATGGCGACTCCTAACGAAGT SEG ID NO: 241 AACAACGGTCAACTGGGAATAACCAAACG SEG ID NO: 242 At3g28910 GATGGTGAGGCCTCCTTGTTGTGACAAAGG SEG ID NO: 243 GAAGAAATTAGTGTTTTCATCCAATAGAAT SEG ID NO: 244 At3g11280 GATGGAGACTCTGCATCCATTCTCTCACCT SEG ID NO: 245 AGCTCCGGCACTGAAGACATTTTCTCCGGC SEG ID NO: 246 At5g07680 GATGGATTTGCCTCCTGGTTTTAG SEG ID NO: 247 GTAATTCCAGAAAGGTTCAAGATC SEG ID NO: 248 At1g25470 ATGTCGGCTGTGTCTGAATCG SEG ID NO: 249 AACCAAACCGAGAGGCGGTG SEG ID NO: 250 At1g28520 GATGACGGGGAAGCGATCAAAGAC SEG ID NO: 251 GGGGATATAATAGTCGCTTAGATTTC SEG ID NO: 252 At1g77450 GATGATGAAATCTGGGGCTGATTTGC SEG ID NO: 253 GAAAGTTCCCTGCCTAACCACAAGTGG SEG ID NO: 254 At5g24590 GATGAAAGAAGACATGGAAGTACTATC SEG ID NO: 255 TGCGACTAGACTGCAGACCGACATC SEG ID NO: 256 At5g08790 GATGAAGTCGGAGCTAAATTTACCAGCTGG SEG ID NO: 257 CCCCTGTGGAGCAAAACTCCAATTCAAGAA SEG ID NO: 258 At1g67260 ATGTCGTCTTCCACCAATGAC SEG ID NO: 259 GTTTACAAAAGAGTCTTGAATCC SEG ID NO: 260 At4g28530 GATGGGTTTGAAAGATATTGGGTCC SEG ID NO: 261 TTGGAAAGCGAGGATATTTTCGGTC SEG ID NO: 262 At5g13910 ATGAACACAACATCATCAAAGAGC SEG ID NO: 263 GGAGCCAAAGTAGTTGAAACCTTG SEG ID NO: 264 At5g64530 GATGAATCTACCACCGGGATTTAGG SEG ID NO: 265 CGGTAAGCTTACTTCGTCAAGATC SEG ID NO: 266 At2g33710 ATGCATAGCGGGAAGAGACCTC SEG ID NO: 267 TTTTCGTCGTTTGTGGATACTAATG SEG ID NO: 268 At1g53230 GATGAAGAGAGATCATCATCATCATCATCA SEG ID NO: 269 ATGGCGAGAATCGGATGAAGC SEG ID NO: 270 At1g56010 GATGGAGACGGAAGAAGAGATGAAG SEG ID NO: 271 GCAATTCCAAACAGTGCTTGGAATAC SEG ID NO: 272 At5g18560 ATGGGTTTTGCTCTGATCCACC SEG ID NO: 273 AAAGACTGAGTAGAAGCCTGTAG SEG ID NO: 274 At5g67580 GATGGGTGCACCAAAGCAGAAGTGGACACC SEG ID NO: 275 CCAAGGATGATTACGGATCCTGAACTTCAA SEG ID NO: 276 At5g24520 GATGGATAATTCAGCTCCAGATTCGTTATC SEG ID NO: 277 AACTCTAAGGAGCTGCATTTTGTTAGCAAA SEG ID NO: 278 At4g18390 ATGATTGGAGATCTAATGAAG SEG ID NO: 279 GAGACTGATAACCGGACACG SEG ID NO: 280 At1g69690 GATGAAGAGAGATCATCATCATCATCATCA SEG ID NO: 281 TCAGGAATGATGACTGGTGCTTCC SEG ID NO: 282 At5g13330 ATGGTCTCCGCTCTCAGCCG SEG ID NO: 283 TTATTCTCTTGGGTAGTTATAATAATTG SEG ID NO: 284 At5g60970 ATGAGATCAGGAGAATGTGATG SEG ID NO: 285 AGAATCTGATTCATTATCGCTAC SEG ID NO: 286 At3g23220 GGGGATGTACGGACAGTGCAATATAG SEQ ID NO: 287 GGGTATGAAACCAATAACTCATCAACACG SEQ ID NO: 288 At1g62700 GATGAATTCGTTTTCACAAGTACCTCCTGG SEQ ID NO: 289 GAGATCAATCTGACAACTTGAAGAAGTAGA SEQ ID NO: 290 At5g13330 ATGGTCTCCGCTCTCAGCCG SEQ ID NO: 291 TTCTCTTGGGTAGTTATAATAATTG SEQ ID NO: 292 At1g22985 ATGAAACGAATTGTTCGAATTTCATTC SEQ ID NO: 293 AACAACTTCTTCAGAAGCACCAC SEQ ID NO: 294 At5g09330 GATGGGGAAAACTCAACTCGCTCCTGGATT SEQ ID NO: 295 CATTTTTGGTCTATGTCTCATGGAAGCAGA SEQ ID NO: 296 At1g10200 GGGATGGCGTTCGCAGGAACAACCCAGAAATG SEQ ID NO: 297 AGCAGCGACGACTTTGTCCTTGGCG SEQ ID NO: 298 At1g61110 GATGGAAAACATGGGGGATTCGAGCATAG SEQ ID NO: 299 TGAGTGCCAGTTCATGTTAGGAAGCTG SEQ ID NO: 300 At1g30210 ATGGAGGTTGACGAAGACATTG SEQ ID NO: 301 TCTCCTTTCCTTTGCCTTGTC SEQ ID NO: 302 At5g40330 ATGAGAATGACAAGAGATGGAAAAG SEQ ID NO: 303 AAGGCAATACCCATTAGTAAAATCCATCA SEQ ID NO: 304 TAG At5g13180 GATGGATAATGTCAAACTTGTTAAGAATGG SEQ ID NO: 305 TCTGAAACTATTGCAACTACTGGTCTCTTC SEQ ID NO: 306 At1g52880 GATGGAGAGTACAGATTCTTCCGGTGGTCC SEQ ID NO: 307 AGAATACCAATTCAAACCAGGCAATTGGTA SEQ ID NO: 308 At4g18450 ATGGCTTTTGGCAATATCCAAG SEQ ID NO: 309 AAAAGAAGATAATAACGTCTCC SEQ ID NO: 310 At5g07580 ATGGCGAGTTTTGAGGAAAGC SEQ ID NO: 311 AAATGCATCACAGGAAGATGAAG SEQ ID NO: 312 At1g74930 ATGGTGAAGCAAGCGATGAAGG SEQ ID NO: 313 AAAATCCCAAAGAATCAAAGATTC SEQ ID NO: 314 At4g36160 GATGGAATCGGTGGATCAATCATGTAGTGT SEQ ID NO: 315 AACATGTAAATCCCTATATAAGTCATAGTC SEQ ID NO: 316 At3g18550 ATGAACAACAACATTTTCAGTACTAC SEQ ID NO: 317 ACTGTGTATAGCTTTAGATAAAACC SEQ ID NO: 318 At5g64750 ATGTGTGTCTTAAAAGTGGCAAATC SEQ ID NO: 319 GGAGGATGGACTATTATTGTAG SEQ ID NO: 320 At2g02450 GATGGCGGCGATAGGAGAGAAAG SEQ ID NO: 321 CTTAAAAGGAATATTAGTATAGTG SEQ ID NO: 322 At2g42400 GATGAAGAGAACACATTTGGCAAGTTTTAG SEQ ID NO: 323 GAGGTAGCCTAGTCGAAGCTCCAAATCAAG SEQ ID NO: 324 At5g67300 GATGGCTGATAGGATCAAAGGTCCATGGAG SEQ ID NO: 325 CTCGATTCTCCCAACTCCAATTTGACTCAT SEQ ID NO: 326 At1g68800 ATGTTTCCTTCTTTCATTACTCAC SEQ ID NO: 327 ATTAGGGTTTTTAGTTAACACATTG SEQ ID NO: 328 At1g14510 ATGGAAGGAATTCAGCATCC SEQ ID NO: 329 GGCTTTCATTTTCTTGCTGG SEQ ID NO: 330 At1g25580 GATGGCTGGGCGATCATGGCTGATC SEQ ID NO: 331 CAGCAGCGTGGCAGTGTGTTGCC SEQ ID NO: 332 At5g18270 GATGGCGGTTGTGGTTGAAGAAGG SEQ ID NO: 333 GAAGTCCCACAAGTCCCCCCTC SEQ ID NO: 334 At2g44840 ATGAGCTCATCTGATTCCGTTAATAAC SEQ ID NO: 335 TATCCGATTATCAGAATAAGAACATTC SEQ ID NO: 336 At3g15500 GATGGGTCTCCAAGAGCTTGACCCGTTAGC SEQ ID NO: 337 AATAAACCCGAACCCACTAGATTGTTGACC SEQ ID NO: 338 At4g35580 GATGCTGCAGTCTGCAGCACCAGAG SEQ ID NO: 339 TGAACTCACCAGTGTCCTCCATATAC SEQ ID NO: 340 At4g01550 GATGGTGAAAGATCTGGTTGGG SEQ ID NO: 341 TCTCTCGCGATCAAACTTCATCGC SEQ ID NO: 342 At4g37750 ATGAAGTCTTTTTGTGATAATGATG SEQ ID NO: 343 AGAATCAGCCCAAGCAGCGAAAACCGG SEQ ID NO: 344 At1g52890 GATGGGTATCCAAGAAACTGACCCGTTAAC SEQ ID NO: 345 CATAAACCCAAACCCACCAACTTGCCCCGA SEQ ID NO: 346 At2g17040 GATGGTTTACGGTAAGAGATCGAG SEQ ID NO: 347 CCAATATATGTTAACTATTGGTG SEQ ID NO: 348 At2g33480 GATGGAGAAGAGGAGCTCTATTAAAAACAG SEQ ID NO: 349 TAGAAACAAACAAAACTTATTTTCCCGATA SEQ ID NO: 350 At5g39610 GATGGATTACGAGGCATCAAGAATC SEQ ID NO: 351 GAAATTCCAAACGCAATCCAATTC SEQ ID NO: 352 At1g32770 GATGGCTGATAATAAGGTCAATCTTTCGAT SEQ ID NO: 353 TACAGATAAATGAAGAAGTGGGTCTAAAGA SEQ ID NO: 354 At5g47220 GATGTACGGACAGTGCAATATAGAATCCG SEQ ID NO: 355 TGAAACCAATAACTCATCAACACGTGT SEQ ID NO: 356 At1g56650 GGGATGGAGGGTTCGTCCAAAGGGCTGCG SEQ ID NO: 357 ATCAAATTTCACAGTCTCTCCATCGAAAA SEQ ID NO: 358 AAAAGG GACTCC At1g63910 GATGGGTCATCACTCATGCTGCAACCAGCA SEQ ID NO: 359 AAACGAAGAAGGGAAAGAAGAAGATAAGGC SEQ ID NO: 360 At3g15510 GATGGAGAGCACCGATTCTTCCGGTGGTCC SEQ ID NO: 361 AGAAGAGTACCAATTTAAACCGGGTAATTG SEQ ID NO: 362 At2g45680 ATGGCGACAATTCAGAAGCTTG SEQ ID NO: 363 GTGGTTCGATGACCGTGCTG SEQ ID NO: 364 At2g31230 ATGTATTCATCTCCAAGTTCTTGG SEQ ID NO: 365 ACATGAGCTCATAAGAAGTTGTTC SEQ ID NO: 366 At1g12260 GATGAATTCATTTTCCCACGTCCCTCCGGG SEQ ID NO: 367 CTTCCATAGATCAATCTGACAACTCGAAGA SEQ ID NO: 368 At3g61910 GATGAACATATCAGTAAACGGACAGTCACA SEQ ID NO: 369 TCCACTACCGTTCAACAAGTGGCATGTCGT SEQ ID NO: 370 At5g07310 ATGGCGAATTCAGGAAATTATGG SEQ ID NO: 371 AAAACCAGAATTAGGAGGTGAAG SEQ ID NO: 372 At3g14230 ATGTGTGGAGGAGCTATAATCTC SEQ ID NO: 373 AAAGTCTCCTTCCAGCATGAAATTG SEQ ID NO: 374 At1g28160 ATGGAGTTCAATGGTAATTTGAATG SEQ ID NO: 375 TTGGTAGAAGAATGTGGAGGG SEQ ID NO: 376 At1g69120 GATGGGAAGGGGTAGGGTTCAATTGAAGAG SEQ ID NO: 377 TGCGGCGAAGCAGCCAAGGTTGCAGTTGTA SEQ ID NO: 378 At3g10490 GATGGGTCGCGAATCTGTGGCTGTTG SEQ ID NO: 379 TTGTCCATTAGCATTGTTCTTCTTG SEQ ID NO: 380 At5g61600 ATGGCAACTAAACAAGAAGCTTTAG SEQ ID NO: 381 AGTGACGGAGATAACGGAAAAG SEQ ID NO: 382 At1g43160 ATGGTGTCTATGCTGACTAATG SEQ ID NO: 383 ACCAAAAGAGGAGTAATTGTATTG SEQ ID NO: 384 At3g15210 GGGGATGGCCAAGATGGGCTTGAAAC SEQ ID NO: 385 TCAGGCCTGTTCCGATGGAGGAGGC SEQ ID NO: 386 At4g08150 ATGGAAGAATACCAGCATGACAAC SEQ ID NO: 387 TCATGGACCGAGACGATAAGGTCC SEQ ID NO: 388 At1g10200 GGGATGGCGTTCGCAGGAACAACCCAGAAATG SEQ ID NO: 389 TTAAGCAGCGACGACTTTGTCC SEQ ID NO: 390 Production of Improved Transcription Factors

In order to add a repressor domain sequence to the 3′ terminal of a transcription factor gene encoded by a coding region DNA fragment excluding a termination codon, p35SSXG, which is a vector having an SmaI site and a repressor domain sequence (amino acid sequence: GLDLDLELRLGFA (SEQ ID NO: 391)) downstream of a CaMV35S promoter, was used. In order to link a transcription factor gene sequence and a repressor domain sequence, p35SSXG was cleaved with SmaI. Each PCR amplification fragment encoding the relevant transcription factor obtained above was separately inserted at the cleavage site. Thus, vectors (each denoted by p35SSXG(TFs)) were produced. Here, each vector is denoted by p35SSXG(TFs), provided that “TFs” represents the AGI code for each transcription factor. For example, a vector having the transcription factor specified by At2g23760 is denoted by p35SSXG(At2g23760). Also, in the descriptions below, “TFs” is used in a similar manner to denote vectors and the like.

Construction of Improved Transcription Factor Expression Vectors

pBCKH was used as a binary vector for gene introduction into plants with Agrobacterium. This vector was obtained by incorporating a casset of the Gateway vector conversion system (Invitrogen) into the HindIII site of pBIG(Hygr) (Nucleic Acids Res. 18,203 (1990)). In order to incorporate an improved transcription factor gene sequence into the vector, 181 types of p35SSXG(TFs) were each separately mixed with the vector, followed by a recombination reaction using GATEWAY LR clonase (Invitrogen). Thus, vectors (each denoted by pBCKH-p35SSXG(TFs)) were produced.

In addition, for each transcription factor encoded by the relevant coding region DNA fragment including a termination codon, the gene encoding the transcription factor was selected for introduction. Thus, vectors, in each of which the relevant DNA fragment was linked downstream of a 35S promoter in the manner described above, were produced.

Introduction of Improved Transcription Factor Gene Expression Vectors and Transcription Factor Expression Vectors into Plants

Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia (Col-0)) was used as a plant for introduction of a transcription factor or an improved transcription factor. Gene introduction was carried out in accordance with “Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana by vacuum infiltration” (www.bch.msu.edu/pamgreen/protocol.htm). Note that each plant was infected only by immersing it in an Agrobacterium bacterial liquid without conducting depressurization treatment. Specifically, a transcription factor expression vector or an improved transcription factor expression vector (pBCKH-p35SSXG(TFs)) was introduced into the soil bacterium (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) strain (GV3101 (C58C1Rifr) pMP90 (Gmr), Koncz and Schell 1986)) by electroporation. For each vector, gene-transfected bacterial cells were cultured in 1 liter of a YEP medium containing antibiotics (kanamycin (Km): 50 μg/ml; gentamicin (Gm): 25 μg/ml; and rifampicin (Rif): 50 μg/ml)) until OD600 became 1. Subsequently, bacterial cells were recovered from each culture solution and suspended in 1 liter of an infection medium (an infiltration medium containing 2.2 g of an MS salt, 1× B5 vitamins, 50 g of sucrose, 0.5 g of MES, 0.044 μM of benzylaminopurine, and 400 μl of Silwet per litter (pH 5.7)).

Arabidopsis thaliana plants cultivated for 14 days were immersed in each solution for 1 minute for infection. Thereafter, the plants were continuously cultivated to result in seed setting. The collected seeds (T1 seeds) were sterilized in a solution containing 50% bleach and 0.02% Triton X-100 for 7 minutes, rinsed 3 times with sterilized water, and seeded on a sterilized hygromycin selection medium (containing a 4.3 g/l MS salt, 0.5% sucrose, 0.5 g/l MES (pH 5.7), 0.8% agar, 30 mg/l hygromycin, and 250 mg/l vancomycin). Five to ten lines of the transformed plants (T1 plants) growing on the hygromycin plate were selected for each improved transcription gene and transplanted into pots (each with a diameter of 50 mm) containing vermiculite mixed soil. Then, the plants were cultivated under conditions of 22° C. for 16 hours in the light and 8 hours in the dark at a light intensity ranging from about 60 to 80 μE/cm². Thus, seeds (T2 seeds) were obtained.

Analysis of T2 Seeds

Forty seeds were weighed and put into a 1.5-ml PP microtest tube for each of the transformants and wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana, which had been transfected with the relevant improved transcription factor or transcription factor. Further, a Tungsten Carbide Bead (3 mm) (QIAGEN) was put into each tube, followed by disruption by shaking at a frequency of 1/30 for 1 minute using a Mixer Mill MM 300 (Qiagen). After disruption, 50 μl of extraction buffer (62.5 mM Tris-HCl, 2% SDS, 10% glycerol, and 5% 2-mercaptethanol) was added thereto, followed by another instance of disruption by shaking for 1 minute. After disruption, each tube was allowed to stand on ice for 10 minutes, followed by centrifugation at 15000 rpm for 10 minutes. Each obtained supernatant was subjected to quantitative protein determination.

Quantitative protein determination for the prepared extracts was carried out using RC DC Protein Assay Kits (Bio-Rad) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The protein concentration was determined based on a calibration curve derived from BSA (bovine serum albumin).

In addition, 34 individuals of the wild strain (Col-0) were cultivated and seeds were collected from each individual. The protein content was determined for each line by quantitative analysis. Then, the average protein content was obtained. Thereafter, the average protein content of each transgenic individual was compared with the average protein content of the wild strain. The protein content increase rate for each gene-transfected line and the t-test P value were determined. Each line was found to exhibit improvement or reduction of seed protein content by 20% or more when compared with a wild-type strain. However, the P value was found to be 5% or less for each comparison.

Table 6 lists the analysis results for each line that was found to exhibit improvement of seed protein content by 20% or more as a result of introduction of the relevant improved transcription factor when compared with the wild-type strain. Table 7 lists the analysis results for each line that were found to exhibit improvement of seed protein content by 20% or more as a result of introduction of the gene encoding the relevant transcription factor when compared with the wild-type strain.

TABLE 6 Protein Increase- Reference content decrease rate AGI code number (%) (%) WT(Col-0) 16.3% — 1 At2g23760 HR0530 25.7% 57.5% 2 At1g18330 CR711 25.2% 54.2% 3 At2g02070 HR0489 23.9% 46.3% 4 At1g12980 TP120 22.6% 38.7% 5 At5g62380 CR604 22.5% 38.2% 6 At4g23750 CR034 21.8% 33.7% 7 At4g32800 CR504 21.6% 32.1% 8 At1g24590 CR019 21.4% 31.3% 9 At5g07690 HR0040 21.2% 29.8% 10 At1g71692 CR412 21.0% 28.9% 11 At1g52150 HR0611 20.9% 27.9% 12 At3g25890 CR029 20.4% 24.9% 13 At1g09540 CR705 20.4% 24.8% 14 At5g22380 CR229 20.3% 24.5% 15 At2g44940 CR505 20.3% 24.1% 16 At5g41030 CR131 20.2% 23.6% 17 At5g60970 CR116 20.1% 23.1% 18 At5g35550 CR701 20.0% 22.4% 19 At1g60240 CR623 19.9% 22.2% 20 At2g23290 HR0018 19.9% 21.8% 21 At5g14000 CR223 19.7% 20.9% 22 At1g19490 HR0001 19.6% 20.2%

TABLE 7 Protein Increase- Reference content decrease rate AGI code number (%) (%) WT(Col-0) 16.3% — 1 At3g04070 CR312 22.1% 35.7% 2 At2g46770 CR308 21.0% 28.6% 3 At5g35550 CR903 21.0% 28.5%

Table 8 lists the analysis results for each line that was found to exhibit reduction of seed protein content by 20% or more as a result of introduction of the relevant improved transcription factor when compared with the wild-type strain. Table 9 lists the analysis results for each line that were found to exhibit reduction of seed protein content by 20% or more as a result of introduction of the gene encoding the relevant transcription factor when compared with a wild-type strain.

TABLE 8 Protein Increase- Reference content decrease rate AGI code number (%) (%) WT(Col-0) 16.3%    0.0% 1 At1g32770 CR250 12.8% −21.6% 2 At5g47220 TP100 12.8% −21.6% 3 At1g56650 TP107 12.7% −22.2% 4 At1g63910 HR1722 12.5% −23.5% 5 At3g15510 CR245 12.5% −23.7% 6 At2g45680 CR121 12.4% −24.3% 7 At2g31230 CR006 12.2% −25.2% 8 At1g12260 CR232 12.1% −25.6% 9 At3g61910 CR601 11.9% −27.3% 10 At5g07310 CR008 11.9% −27.3% 11 At3g14230 CR014 11.9% −27.3% 12 At1g28160 CR020 11.8% −27.4% 13 At1g69120 CR404 11.8% −27.6% 14 At3g10490 CR220 11.8% −27.7% 15 At5g61600 CR001 11.5% −29.7% 16 At1g43160 CR015 10.9% −33.1%

TABLE 9 Protein Increase- Reference content decrease rate AGI code number (%) (%) WT(Col-0) 16.3%    0.0% 1 At1g10200 TP106 13.0% −20.5%

In addition, T2 seeds of a line (HR0530) (into which the improved transcription factor (At2g23760) listed in fig. 6 with the results demonstrating the largest increase in protein content had been introduced) were cultivated, followed by re-evaluation of the protein content. Table 10 lists the results. As shown in table 10, it was also possible to confirm an increase in protein content for T3 seeds. In particular, the protein content was found to be up to 43% higher than that of the wild-type line. In addition, it was confirmed that SDS-PAGE caused no changes in seed protein composition (not shown).

TABLE 10 Protein Increasing Protein Increasing Total protein Increasing concentration rate content rate amount rate (mg/ml) (%) (%) (%) (mg) (%) Average of WT 1.6 26.6 71.8 (10 individuals) HR0530-23-4 2.4 46.3 36.9 38.5 90.7 26.3 HR0530-23-10 2.3 43.0 39.4 48.2 130.1 81.1 HR0530-23-8 2.3 39.6 39.0 46.7 103.9 44.7

As described above, the expression of SRDX-added chimeric proteins formed with 141 types of transcription factors was induced in this analysis. Results showed that the seed storage protein content increased by 20% or more as a result of expression of 22 types of chimeric proteins (accounting for 15.6% of the analyzed transcription factors), while the seed storage protein content decreased by 20% or more as a result of expression of 16 types of chimeric proteins (accounting for 11.3% of the analyzed transcription factors). That is to say, the seed storage protein content was found to have remarkably increased or decreased as a result of expression of approximately 27% of the chimeric proteins. In other words, it was found that approximately 73% of the transcription factors (e.g., At3g23220, At1g18570, At3g01530, At5g51190, At4g34410, At5g22290, and At3g04420) subjected to the experiments in the Examples do not cause remarkable changes in seed protein content even when a chimeric protein comprising such a transcription factor and a repressor domain is expressed or such a transcription factor is overexpressed.

As described above, the Examples revealed that the seed protein content can be significantly modified by causing expression of a particular transcription factor fused with a repressor domain, introducing a gene encoding a particular transcription factor, or modifying an expression control region of such gene.

In addition, in order to increase or decrease the seed protein content with the use of the above functionally improved transcription factors, it is expected that it will become possible to further modify the storage protein content to a remarkable extent with the simultaneous use of transcription factors and a known method for modifying a seed storage protein by modifying the nitrogen metabolic pathway, the fatty acid metabolic pathway, or transcription factors.

All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for increasing protein productivity in seeds, comprising expressing, in a plant, a chimeric protein obtained by fusing a transcription factor and a functional peptide capable of converting an arbitrary transcription factor into a transcriptional repressor, wherein said transcription factor is a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a protein having transactivation activity and comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 but in which 1-10 amino acids have been deleted, substituted, added, or inserted, and wherein the functional peptide has an amino acid sequence expressed by any one of the following formulae (1) to (8): (1) X1-Leu-Asp-Leu-X2-Leu-X3 (SEQ ID NO: 392 with deletion of 0-10 residues from the N-terminus) (where X1 denotes a set of 0 to 10 amino acid residues, X2 denotes Asn or Glu, and X3 denotes a set of at least 6 amino acid residues); (2) Y1-Phe-Asp-Leu-Asn-Y2-Y3 (SEQ ID NO: 393 with deletion of 0-10 residues from the N-terminus (where Y1 denotes a set of 0 to 10 amino acid residues, Y2 denotes Phe or Ile, and Y3 denotes a set of at least 6 amino acid residues); (3) Z1-Asp-Leu-Z2-Leu-Arg-Leu-Z3 (SEQ ID NO: 394 with deletion of 0-10 residues from the C-terminus and deletion of 0-2 residues from the N-terminus) (where Z1 denotes Leu, Asp-Leu, or Leu-Asp-Leu, Z2 denotes Glu, Gln, or Asp, and Z3 denotes a set of 0 to 10 amino acid residues); (4) Asp-Leu-Z4-Leu-Arg-Leu (where Z4 denotes Glu, Gln, or Asp) (residues 4-9 of SEQ ID NO.: 394); (SEQ ID NO: 395) (5) α1-Leu-β1-Leu-γ1-Leu; (SEQ ID NO: 396) (6) α1-Leu-β1-Leu-γ2-Leu; (SEQ ID NO: 397) (7) α1-Leu-β2-Leu-Arg-Leu; and (SEQ ID NO: 398) (8) α2-Leu-β1-Leu-Arg-Leu 

(where α1 denotes Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Thr, or Ser; α2 denotes Asn, Glu, Gln, Thr, or Ser; β1 denotes Asp, Gln, Asn, Arg, Glu, Thr, Ser, or His; β2 denotes Asn, Arg, Thr, Ser, or His; γ1 denotes Arg, Gln, Asn, Thr, Ser, His, Lys, or Asp; and γ2 denotes Gln, Asn, Thr, Ser, His, Lys, or Asp, in formulae (5) to (8)).
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein trans activation activity of the transcription factor is repressed.
 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the chimeric protein has transcriptional repressor activity.
 4. A plant exhibiting increased protein productivity in seeds, wherein said plant expresses a chimeric protein obtained by fusing a transcription factor and a functional peptide capable of converting an arbitrary transcription factor into a transcriptional repressor, wherein said transcription factor is a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a protein having transactivation activity and comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 but in which 1-10 amino acids have been deleted, substituted, added, or inserted, and wherein the functional peptide has an amino acid sequence expressed by any one of the following formulae (1) to (8): (1) X1-Leu-Asp-Leu-X2-Leu-X3 (SEQ ID NO: 392 with deletion of 0-10 residues from the N-terminus) (where X1 denotes a set of 0 to 10 amino acid residues, X2 denotes Asn or Glu, and X3 denotes a set of at least 6 amino acid residues); (2) Y1-Phe-Asp-Leu-Asn-Y2-Y3 (SEQ ID NO: 393 with deletion of 0-10 residues from the N-terminus (where Y1 denotes a set of 0 to 10 amino acid residues, Y2 denotes Phe or Ile, and Y3 denotes a set of at least 6 amino acid residues); (3) Z1-Asp-Leu-Z2-Leu-Arg-Leu-Z3 (SEQ ID NO: 394 with deletion of 0-10 residues from the C-terminus and deletion of 0-2 residues from the N-terminus) (where Z1 denotes Leu, Asp-Leu, or Leu-Asp-Leu, Z2 denotes Glu, Gln, or Asp, and Z3 denotes a set of 0 to 10 amino acid residues); (4) Asp-Leu-Z4-Leu-Arg-Leu (where Z4 denotes Glu, Gln, or Asp) (residues 4-9 of SEQ ID NO.: 394); (SEQ ID NO: 395) (5) α1-Leu-β1-Leu-γ1-Leu; (SEQ ID NO: 396) (6) α1-Leu-β1-Leu-γ2-Leu; (SEQ ID NO: 397) (7) α1-Leu-β2-Leu-Arg-Leu; and (SEQ ID NO: 398) (8) α2-Leu-β1-Leu-Arg-Leu 

(where α1 denotes Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Thr, or Ser; α2 denotes Asn, Glu, Gln, Thr, or Ser; β1 denotes Asp, Gln, Asn, Arg, Glu, Thr, Ser, or His; β2 denotes Asn, Arg, Thr, Ser, or His; y1 denotes Arg, Gln, Asn, Thr, Ser, His, Lys, or Asp; and y2 denotes Gln, Asn, Thr, Ser, His, Lys, or Asp, in formulae (5) to (8)). 